Core Components of the Doula Model of Care
Non-Medical Support
Doulas refrain from giving medical advice or performing any clinical or medicalized tasks (e.g., monitoring vital signs, dispensing medications, wound care). This prohibition is fundamental to the role.
Non-Judgmental Support
The doula does not impose her/his values on the client such as pre-conceived notions of what constitutes a “good death.” Care is based on the client’s values and goals, even if those differ from values cherished by the doula.
Family-Centered Approach
The individual and their family are the focus of support. Doulas do not take the place of partners, family members, or other care providers but rather, work in a spirit of collaboration.
Holistic Care
Doulas recognise the bio-psycho-social and spiritual aspects of the whole person and provide services in the context of this understanding. Holistic care may can also include information and referrals for complementary healthcare modalities if the client is interested in alternative approaches beyond those embraced by the medical model.
Empowerment
Doulas promote informed decision-making and foster maximum self-determination for the individual and family. They encourage self-efficacy and self-advocacy rather than dependency. Doulas are not advocates per se and do not speak for their clients. Their role is better understood as that of a mediator who facilitates effective communication between all parties.
Team Members
Doulas are collaborators. The doula’s areas of expertise may overlap with that of other professionals involved with the client’s care. These overlaps are to be expected and need not lead to conflicts provided doulas stay in their lane and defer to medical experts for concerns outside their scope. Doulas often have a better grasp of the full continuum of care providers involved in the client’s care, as well as where gaps exist that create stress for the client and family. In this way, doulas provide much needed continuity of care.